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【目的】农田土壤镉污染严重威胁农产品质量安全，传统单一修复技术存在稳定性不足、二次污染风险高、地力协同改善效果差等短板，微生物诱导磷酸盐沉淀技术为绿色原位修复提供了可行路径。该文以镉污染土壤及药食同源作物鱼腥草为研究对象，探究草酸青霉与羟基磷灰石联合修复的效果与作用机制，为农田镉污染高效治理及农产品安全保障提供理论依据与技术支撑。【方法】采用盆栽试验，设置空白对照、单一羟基磷灰石、单一草酸青霉、草酸青霉与羟基磷灰石联合四种处理，系统测定不同处理下土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性、镉生物有效性及形态分布，结合傅里叶变换红外光谱揭示镉固化微观机制，并分析鱼腥草生长指标、抗氧化系统特性及镉富集转运规律。【结果】草酸青霉与羟基磷灰石联合处理可显著改善土壤环境，土壤pH、有效磷含量及脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性较对照组分别提升1.5%、752.4%、44.1%、121.7%、103.7%；联合处理可有效降低土壤镉生物有效性，土壤二乙三胺五乙酸浸提态镉含量降低13.9%，种植鱼腥草后进一步降低34.5%，可将高活性可交换态镉转化为稳定性更强的碳酸盐结合态、铁-锰氧化物结合态镉；联合处理可显著缓解镉对鱼腥草的毒害作用，提升叶片可溶性蛋白质、叶绿素含量，激活超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶抗氧化系统，降低膜脂过氧化损伤；最终使鱼腥草叶片、根部镉含量分别降低98%、46%，镉转运系数降至0.001，有效阻断镉向植株可食用部位迁移。【结论】草酸青霉与羟基磷灰石联合处理可依托微生物诱导磷酸盐沉淀多重协同机制实现土壤镉高效稳定固化，同步改良土壤肥力、提升植物镉胁迫耐受性、阻控作物镉富集转运，是适配农田镉污染原位修复的绿色高效技术，具备良好的应用前景。
Abstract：【Objective】Cadmium pollution in farmland soils seriously threatens agricultural product safety. Traditional single remediation technologies have shortcomings such as poor stability， high secondary pollution risk and insufficient synergistic improvement of soil fertility， and microbial-induced phosphate precipitation technology provides a feasible path for green in-situ remediation. Taking cadmium-contaminated farmland soil and the medicinal and edible crop Houttuynia cordata Thunb as research objects， this paper explores the remediation effect and mechanism of combined application of Penicillium oxalicum and hydroxyapatite， so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for efficient governance of farmland cadmium pollution and agricultural product safety guarantee. 【Method】A pot experiment was conducted with four treatments， including blank control， single hydroxyapatite， single Penicillium oxalicum， and combined Penicillium oxalicum and hydroxyapatite. The soil physical and chemical properties， soil enzyme activities， cadmium bioavailability and morphological distribution under different treatments were systematically determined. The microscopic mechanism of cadmium immobilization was revealed combined with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy， and the growth indexes， antioxidant system characteristics and cadmium accumulation and transport rules of Houttuynia cordata Thunb were analyzed. 【Result】Combined Penicillium oxalicum and hydroxyapatite treatment significantly improved the soil environment. Compared with the control group， soil pH， available phosphorus content， urease， acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities increased by 1.5%， 752.4%， 44.1%， 121.7% and 103.7%， respectively. The combined treatment effectively reduced soil cadmium bioavailability， the content of soil Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid-Cadmium decreased by 13.9%， and further decreased by 34.5% after planting Houttuynia cordata Thunb， which transformed high-activity exchangeable cadmium into more stable carbonate-bound and Fe-Mn oxide-bound cadmium. Meanwhile， the combined treatment significantly alleviated the cadmium toxicity to Houttuynia cordata Thunb， increased the contents of soluble protein and chlorophyll in leaves， activated the Superoxide Dismutase ， Catalase and Peroxidase antioxidant systems， and reduced membrane lipid peroxidation damage. Finally， the cadmium contents in leaves and roots of Houttuynia cordata Thunb decreased by 98% and 46%， respectively， and the cadmium translocation coefficient was reduced to 0.001， which effectively blocked the migration of cadmium to edible parts of plants. 【Conclusion】Combined application of Penicillium oxalicum and hydroxyapatite can realize efficient and stable immobilization of soil cadmium relying on multiple synergistic mechanisms of microbial-induced phosphate precipitation， simultaneously improve soil fertility， enhance plant tolerance to cadmium stress， and inhibit crop cadmium accumulation and transport. It is a green and efficient technology suitable for in-situ remediation of farmland cadmium pollution with good application prospects.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13715/j.issn.2096-644X.20260611.0001
中图分类号:X53
引用信息:
[1]潘香俊,田江,尹红梅,等.草酸青霉和羟基磷灰石对镉污染土壤的修复效果及鱼腥草响应[J].湘潭大学学报(自然科学版)().DOI:10.13715/j.issn.2096-644X.20260611.0001.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金青年项目（42207041）; 湖南省教育厅重点项目（23A0118）; 贵州省山野菜种苗扩繁及标准化栽培技术集成与示范项目（黔农【2026】）
2026-08-04
2026-08-04
2026-08-04